Three-dimensional visualization technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) have gained popularity in the recent decade. These extended reality (XR) modalities are immersive and interactive, helping in the 3D rendering of biological and medical content without the constraint of a conventional observation screen. Digital XR technologies have been adopted in a wide variety of domains ranging from entertainment to education due to their accessibility and affordability. Herein we provide a perspective on the use of XR in current biomedical applications and demonstrate case studies using cell biology concepts, multiplexed proteomic images, surgical data for heart operations, and cardiac 3D models. Emerging challenges associated with XR technologies in the context of adverse health effects and a cost comparison of distinct platforms are discussed. The presented XR platforms will be useful for biomedical education, medical training, surgical guidance, and data visualization of molecular data to enhance the learning of trainees and students, accuracy of medical operations, and comprehensibility of complex biological systems.
